Zirconium Gadolinium Equilibrium Diagram

zirconium-gadolinium phase diagram

The investigation of the zirconium-gadolinium equilibrium diagram revealed a eutectic system with limited terminal solubilities and one peritectoid reaction. The eutectic point occurs at about 82 percent gadolinium. The eutectic isotherm, at 1,220° C., extends from about 12 to 99+ percent gadolinium. The peritectoid isotherm, at 890° C., involving the alpha-beta transformation of zirconium, extends […]

Gasification of Coal Water Slurry

coal-water slurries reactor and accessories for gasification

The results were surprisingly reproducible in view of the complex reactions, and the scatter of data was small. Rank of coal exerted the greatest effect on gasification. Tests with only three ranks of coals do not permit firm conclusions about the effect of rank. However, work in progress reveals the same trend for other ranks […]

Leonardite

leonardite infrared spectra

Leonardite is a coallike substance, similar in structure and composition to lignitic coal and believed to be derived from lignitic coal by the process of natural oxidation. Leonardite is little known outside lignite-producing areas and has been developed commercially only tn a minor extent. The higher oxygen content and less compact structure of leonardite, compared […]

Descriptions of Steel & Alloys Compositions

We like to inform you with the composition of the different steels and other materials used in the manufacturing of grinding barrels to help you choose the most suitable ones for your operations. Alloy 2: This steel is recommended in applications where molybdenum interferes in the analysis of the material that will be ground as […]

Titanium-Vanadium Zirconium Alloys

titanium-vanadium-zirconium alloys solution treated

A titanium alloy containing 10 a/o vanadium and 10 a/o zirconium has potential strength and heat treatability that merits further investigation. The titanium-10vanadium-10zirconium alloy, solution-treated at 600° C. is relatively sort, having a yield strength of 73,800 p.s.i. Aging 4 hours at 450° C. strengthens the alloy to a yield strength of 142,900 p.s.i. Ductility […]

Improve Titanium Sponge Quality

titanium sponge general floor plan

Research revealed that by systematic elimination of detrimental impurities introduced with the raw materials and by improved handling and processing techniques, high-quality ductile titanium with a hardness of less than 110 B.h.n. (Brinell hardness number) can be produced consistently. This improvement was accomplished by helium (or argon) stripping of residual atmospheric and other dissolved gases […]

Titanium Vanadium Cobalt Alloys

titanium-vanadium-cobalt-alloys hardness

Results of the study of titanium binary and ternary alloys containing vanadium and cobalt show that: Vanadium additions up to 16 weight-percent were insufficient to completely retain beta on water-quenching. Cobalt additions up to 4 weight-percent do not affect retention of the beta phase on water quenching Ti-V-Co alloys containing up to 16 weight-percent vanadium. […]

Phosphate Rock Properties

phosphate rock intermediate and end products derived

Three fundamental methods are employed in decomposing phosphate rock: Reduction by carbon at high temperature. Treatment with one or more acids. Calcination or fusion with silica, sodium salts, magnesium minerals, or small quantities of phosphoric acid. The products derived from phosphate rock by these treatment methods may be divided into the following live broad groups: […]

Sodium Chloride in Explosives

permissible-explosives sequence of data

Based on the analysis of the W50 values of 65 permissible-type formulations, with and without added sodium chloride of various particle sizes, it was concluded that: The addition of sodium chloride to an explosive has a highly significant effect in reducing its probability of igniting firedamp. Addition of small amounts of sodium chloride (about 3 […]

How to Reduce Titanium Tetrachloride

reducing-titanium-tetrachloride schematic drawing of apparatus

This investigation has demonstrated that finely divided titanium metal, titanium lower chlorides, or a mixture thereof can be produced at a temperature between 105° and 205° C. in a continuous operation. The relative quantities of metallic titanium and lower chlorides produced by the reaction are dependent upon the ratio of the feed materials used. For […]