Blogs
Electrochemistry of Pyrite and its Significance in Sulphide Flotation
Table of ContentsElectrochemistry of PyriteOxidation of Xanthate with or without PyriteFlotation of Complex Sulphide Ores Containing Pyrite In spite of the importance of the presence of pyrite in the flotation of sulphide ores, not many studies have been made from the electrochemical point of view. It is generally recognized that the oxidation of sulphide minerals is one of the most
Stability of Lead Ethylxanthate in Aqueous Systems
In galena flotation, lead ethyl xanthate, Pb(EtX)2, is precipitated and is physically adsorbed in the form of multilayers on the chemically adsorbed first layer of Pb(EtX). The solid particles are coated with layers of Pb(EtX)2 in heterogeneous manner over surface areas possessing both anodic and cathodic character. It is anticipated that the mode of formation of Pb(EtX)2 and the number
Sphalerite Activation by Copper Sulphate-Cyanide Combination
Table of ContentsPreliminary ConsiderationsLaboratory Tests – Part ILaboratory Tests – Part IIDepressing Action on “Pre-activated” SphaleriteTesting and Application in the Plant The main constituent of the feed to the “Sulphide Section” (31 t/h), in the F. Sartori Plant (6000 t/d) of the Miniere di Monteponi(Sardinia), is the ore of the Campo Pisano – Funtanaperda Mine. Difficulties have always been experienced
Solving Industrial Mineral Flotation Problems
Table of ContentsThe Flotability ProgramFlotation of Barite and CelestiteConcentration of SpodumeneReagents Flotation was practiced by this and succeeding engineers to concentrate many of the non-metallic minerals available from Canadian resources. Experimentation, and some extensive experimentation. A number are still under investigation. A few have evolved into producing plants. The results obtained for some have been used to increase efficiencies in
A Shaft-Electric Furnace for Melting and Smelting
Table of ContentsEquipmentExperimental The electric arc furnace has characteristics which make it attractive for a number of metallurgical applications. Some of these characteristics are: high thermal efficiency, the possibility of attaining very high temperatures, low off-gas volume compared to fuel-fired furnaces, no impurities are introduced by the heat source, and impurities in only minor amounts are introduced by the electrodes.
Slurry Pulp Distributor
The practical and effective pulp distributor here presented is believed to be of a completely new and innovative design. It was developed at the San Nicolas Plant of the Marcona Mining Company in Peru, where it has been thoroughly plant tested using iron ore slurries of a particularly abrasive nature. As indicated, the motivation for development was simple necessity. The
Population Balance Models for Predicting Grinding Mill Performance
Table of ContentsDevelopment of Population Balance PSD ModelExperimental Comminution represents one of the major costs.of mineral recovery from low- grade ores. Efficient mineral recovery in a typical low-grade ore grinding-flotation process depends on grinding the ore small enough to liberate mineralization without producing excessive slimes, which would result in higher power and flotation reagent costs. Size criteria for efficient grinding
Plant Layout – Cold and Remote Areas
Table of ContentsConcentrator LayoutDewatering and Concentrate Load OutServices Basic things to remember in plant design for cold and remote areas are, everything in these areas is more expensive due to long and difficult supply lines. Fuel is expensive and would be a major cost item even if it were not expensive, due to the extended periods of low temperatures. Building
Pelletizing of Iron Ore Concentrates
Table of ContentsResearch ProgramMajor VariablesApplications of Peat Moss BinderGeneral Application The program of study of pellet binder materials was begun by the ORF in 1963 to examine various Canadian materials as substitutes for bentonite which is imported in large tonnages (199,270 tons in 1969) from the U.S.A. for Canadian pellet plant operations. Most of the raw bentonite used in Canada
Functional Optimization of Open Pit Mine Design
Table of ContentsCross Section Input DataOptimization MathematicsOptimization UtilizationOptimization Example In the development of the ultimate pit limits for a narrow ore body, parameters necessary in the design of a functional, or working, pit become highly sensitive factors in the determination of ore reserve levels and their associated waste to ore stripping ratios. Through the use of geologic cross sections, ore
Separation of Solids and Fluids by Magnetic Flocculation
Flocculation, the process of coagulation or coalescence of finely divided particles, is commonly used in separating fine solids from fluids. Forces disposing of the particles to flocculate include: ionic forces of attraction, secondary entropic forces, and magnetism. Magnetic flocculation is due to a physical magnetizing process which affects suspended ferromagnetic particles. Such particles, after exposure to magnetic fields strong enough
Gypsum Tailings Pond Design
Tailings disposal has been a problem for the mining engineer since the beginning of the metal milling process. Disposal systems in common use have evolved as the most economic method for the disposal of an unwanted waste material within the disposal restrictions in force at the time of construction. As restrictions are constantly being expanded, the design requirements for tailings
Fire Protection for Belt Conveyors
For more than fifty years Walter Kidde & Company, Inc. has engaged in the development and manufacturing of both fire suppression and detection equipment. Our initial work for the mining industry centered around dry chemical extinguishing equipment for mine haulage cars. To fulfill this need, Kidde engineered and developed a manually activated dry chemical system to provide protection for the
Fine Screening
Table of ContentsMachine Design & InstallationMagnetic Taconite ApplicationCopper Concentrator Fine screening, as discussed in this paper, pertains to the use of the Rapifine DSM Screen to make a 65 to 325-mesh separation at production tonnages. The greatest number of Rapifine Screen installations are in magnetic taconite plants where the unusual relationship between the grinding mill, cyclone classifier, magnetic separators, and fine
Dust Collection and Control in Crusher Plant
Crushing plant layout and ventilation system design for the Urad mine was based on our operating experience at similar crushing facilities located at the Climax operations. Low speed conveyors of generous width, adequate exhaust volumes at all ore transfer locations, large hoods and good conveyor skirting have made the Urad underground crusher dust control operations very satisfactory. Good maintenance and
Large Scale Mixer Settlers Design
Table of ContentsFactors Affecting the Cost and Performance of a Mixer-SettlerMixer ConfigurationImpeller SpeedOrganic/Aqueous RatioSettler Configuration This paper outlines the physical and mechanical factors which must be taken into account when designing mixer-settler systems for large scale solvent extraction plants. The performance of the equipment will also be dependent upon the chemistry of the system, including the kinetics and thermodynamics of
Mathematical Programming Applications in the Crushed Stone Industry
Table of ContentsMathematical ModellingModel TestingDiscussion of Results Crushed stone operations have become more difficult due to rising costs of labor and equipment, with the consequent reduction in profit margins. Competition from other operators and the encroachment of vertically integrated companies place severe restrictions on available markets. The seasonal demand for stone precludes any definite production level, and changes in productivity
Courier 300 On-Stream Analysis OSA
Table of ContentsCourier 300 sampling systemOn-stream X-ray spectrometerAssay computation The Outokumpu Company’s Courier 300 System is a complete package that can be installed and handed over with the key. It includes the equipment needed for sampling and handling the slurries. It has been developed from the start to meet industrial demands. Obviously an on-line system must comply with far stricter
Conveyor Idlers Operating & Maintenance
Table of ContentsIdler EngineeringSelecting IdlerOperation and Maintenance Depending on the source of reference used, belts for handling bulk material underground came into being between 1900 and 1920, while strip mining appeared in the thirties. The conveyor belt speeds in that era were in the 300 fpm to 500 fpm range. Belt speeds of 600-700 fpm were in vogue in the
Conveyor Belt Pulleys Design Features
Table of ContentsPulley Design FeaturesPulley Hub DesignShaftingPulley Lagging In belt conveyor application, a pulley’s purpose is primarily three-fold, 1) support the belt in directional changes, as designed in the conveyor, 2) transmit driving power to the belt, and 3) guide or train the belt. The drive pulley imparts the driving force to the belt and may be located at the
Conveyor Belt Drive Selection
Table of ContentsCharacteristics of the Driven MachineryBraking of Electrically Driven MachinerySpecial Coupling Types of DrivesAppendix “A”A.C. Motor theoryGeneralDevelopment of TorqueMaximum Torque DeterminationRunning TorqueRotor CurrentsAppendix BSpeed-Torque Curves of A.C. MotorsFirst QuadrantSecond QuadrantThird QuadrantFourth QuadrantAppendix ‘C’Fundamental MechanicsRotation: HP – Torque – RPM RelationTranslation: HP – Force – VelocityRotation: Acceleration Torque – Time RelationshipTranslation Accelerating Force – Time RelationshipStored EnergyEquivalent InertiasOptimum Gear RatioAppendix
Belt Conveyor Transfer Points
Table of ContentsGeneral Design ConsiderationsConveyor Discharge and ImpactLoading ChutesSkirt BoardsBelt Conveyor Structures Belt conveyors have proven themselves for many years as a dependable and low cost method of handling bulk materials at high flow rates. The success of a belt conveyor system greatly depends on the initial loading of the material on the belt. If the material is loaded on
Aerofall Grinding System
Table of ContentsNon-Magnetic Iron Ore-Specular HematitePilot Plant Testing and Scale-Up In any treatment process that requires a coarse feed material to be reduced to a fine size by crushing and/or grinding it must be determined whether a wet or dry comminution system should be utilized. All factors must be evaluated in reaching the decision. Among these factors are: Ecology and
Activated Bleaching Clay
Activated bleaching clays, so called because of their ability to remove color bodies from bleach fats and oils, are produced from clays of bentonitic origin. Activation is achieved by subjecting these clays to physical or chemical alteration to increase selective sorption capacities. Bentonitic clays which are suitable for production of activated bleaching clays contain the essential montmorillonite clay mineral as