Blogs
Agglomeration Flotation of Manganese Ore
Beneficiation of the manganese oxide ores at Three Kids Mine near Henderson, Nev., has evolved over a period of years. Commercial application of the process is on a secure basis, and an effective working hypothesis has been formulated to help solve the problems encountered in flotation. Ore Characteristics: Manganeses in the Three Kids ore occurs as a complex mixture of
Underground Storage for Hydrocarbon Fluids
Table of ContentsNon-excavated storageExcavated storagePhysical conditionsCost factorsRock stability and tightness Several categories of storage are used depending on capacity. Operational storage, which is small in comparison with the market, facilitates handling surges of a few hours’ or a few days’ duration. Seasonal storage, usually larger, permits accumulation of product during seasons when demand is low, for delivery when demand is
Ultrasonic Desliming
Ultrasonics can be used to deslime and upgrade ores, such as tungsten and tin, which slime excessively with high losses of value in the tailing and are difficult to deslime with conventional methods. Experimental work has been performed with a test-tube size ultrasonic classifier. Larger equip- ment and further testing would be necessary to ascertain the applicability and economics of
Gallium Purification
The acid leaching technique has been reported to produce gallium in which no impurities are detectable spectroscopically. Zone-refining, however, appears very effective in removing trace metallic impurities, but comparatively ineffective in removing the surface oxide film. The low melting point and relatively high thermal conductivity of gallium introduce some difficulty in maintaining frozen and molten zones in zone-refining. The only
Hydrometallurgy of Uranium
During the radium boom in the early part of the twentieth century, the basic chemistry of uranium was fairly well defined. Uranium production has progressed from the status of a radium byproduct to a very important industry. With the ever increasing need for more efficient and cheaper methods of processing uranium ores, new techniques are being developed. Since uranium and
Titanium-Chromium Phase Diagram
In view of the recognition of the potentialities of titanium and its alloys as important structural materials there has arisen a need for a systematic investigation of various titanium binary diagrams. Of these, the Ti-Cr system was of particular interest because of the improved properties imparted to titanium by small chromium additions. Sponge titanium (99.7 pct) and electrolytic chromium (Bureau
Blasting with Ammonium Nitrate
In giving this subject the “broad-brush” treatment, it will be necessary to generalize on the major points which at the same time will permit me to avoid, to a great extent, any involvement in the purely technical and theoretical aspects of blasting. The practice of theorizing before a new idea is tried has practically been discontinued in our organization simply
Automatic Weighing and Ratioing of Solids
Plants which process materials in the form of bulk solids have not been able to use control to as great an extent, primarily due to the lack of measuring equipment capable of providing the same types of continuous automatic control available with liquid flow meters. A conveyor belt idler is supported on a rigid carriage which in turn is mounted
Estimating Data for Open Pit Haulage Trucks
In 1955, before planning an accelerated stripping program, Chino Mines Div. began an engineering study to improve data for estimating truck haulage costs for any future haulage layout. The study aimed to develop: 1) significant unit costs, 2) a method of estimating travel time from which truck needs and future stripping rate could be determined, and 3) yardsticks of performance
Comparison of 2400 and 4160 Volt Distribution Systems for Concentrators
Concentrating plants, in common with other types of industrial plants, cannot operate without, electric power. The electric distribution system and utilization equipments therefore, must be carefully considered in all phases of plant design. Two important aspects of proper distribution and usage of electric power are the selection of voltage levels and the methods of system grounding. These are not necessarily
Flotation Contact Angle
In the use of free bubbles with precise temperature control and continuous pH measurement, the contact angle apparatus differs from all previous equipment. Experimental procedures differ sharply from the captive bubble method of introducing the gaseous phase in the three-phase system. When freed from the tube and captured by a solid surface, a bubble more closely conforms to the spherical
High Pressure Grinding Rolls
Table of ContentsHigh Pressure Grinding Roll Features & PerformanceHPGR ComminutionOperating Experience With HPGR in the Minerals IndustryGold Ore Treatment Problems High-pressure grinding rolls (HPGRs) have struggled for acceptance into the hard-rock mining sector. CRITICAL HPGR PARAMETERS HPGR roll diameters typically range from 0.5 m to 2.8 m, depending on the supplies, and roll widths vary from 0.2 m to 1.8
DIY Homemade Rock Crusher
The 911JAC12K MINI Rock Crusher is our ‘most small’ rock crusher for the smallest budget. It contains all the high quality precision pre-cut and ready to weld machined parts of a small jaw crusher. It is a Do-it-yourself version of on Mini Crusher. You need to supply the 1 HP motor of your choice. This 1″ x 2″ homemade rock crusher is mini in size but large
Equipotential Prospecting – Circular Line Electrode
Sphalerite, the ore mineral in this area, occurs with a considerable amount of marcasite. In general the higher the percentage of sphalerite in the ore, the higher the percentage of marcasite; however, there may be mineralized zones high in marcasite but low in sphalerite. Orebodies in general are relatively narrow and elongated. The point surface electrode was placed at a
Increase Rotary Kiln Efficiency by Refractory Design
Among the many factors involved in rotary kiln efficiency, advantageous use of refractories is of major importance. So far as kiln lining alone is concerned durability is most significant, as shutdowns for repairs are costly in fuel consumption and production losses. Aside from selection of refractories best suited to the widely varying conditions under which rotary kilns are operated, lining
Measure Heavy Slurry Density
In the mineral industry measurement of density or specific gravity of slurries is often necessary or highly desirable. To date the most successful method of measuring the specific gravity of various media is to hand weigh a constant volume sample of the slurry. This method is time-consuming, however, and is intermittent rather than continuous. Most density measuring instruments in use
Laboratory Recovery of an Oxidized Lead Mineral
For several years work has been carried on by the U.S. Bureau of Mines at Rolla, Mo., to develop improved methods of concentrating the oxidized ores of lead and zinc. Various samples have been investigated, and results on some have been published. Preliminary Examination: The sample on which the following experimental work was conducted consisted principally of quartz sand grains,
Hydrometallurgy of Copper-Zinc Concentrates
Table of ContentsTesting ProgramPlant Flowsheet A Survey of the Japanese chemical industry in 1949 revealed, among other things, that sulphur-bearing blast furnace gas from the Kosaka smelter of The Dowa Mining Co. Ltd., Kosaka, Japan, was being exhausted to the atmosphere as waste. This evaluation revealed a relatively new type of roaster, the Dorrco FluoSolids reactor, which was reported to
Flowsheets Types Uses
To those working in the mineral industry, the flowsheet is a familiar and valuable tool, seldom used, unfortunately, to its fullest advantage. As with so many other commonplace and simple items, there is little or no attempt to expand on the forms and types of flowsheets. A flowsheet or flow diagram may be defined as an illustration showing circulation of
How to Determine the Strength of a Mine Roof
Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsGeneral ConsiderationsInstrumentationAir-Pressure Regulation, Distribution, and MeasurementMeasurement of Sag and Differential SagMeasurement of Tensile StrainMeasurement of the Micro-Seismic Noise RateProcedure and Data In an earlier phase of the investigation, an experimental room was progressively mined to an areal dimension of 50 by 100 feet. As the dimensions of the room were increased, the roof separated into horizontal layers that
Refining of Nickel Copper Cobalt Mattes by Pressure Leaching and Hydrogen Reduction
Table of ContentsMatte RefiningProcess ChemistrySolution PurificationMetals Recovery The paper is based on laboratory and pilot plant investigations which led to the development of a series of processes for production of high purity metals from nickel-copper-cobalt mattes of a wide range of opposition. Matte Refining The application of these processes to the refining of mixed base metal mattes is governed by
Aggregates Classification Methods
Table of ContentsDifferences Between Classification of Ores and AggregatesStatement of the ProblemApplications & EquipmentVelocity Classification – Recovery By Conveying DeviceVelocity Classification – Recovery by Scooping Out of a Current Modern concrete technology emphasizes the basic qualities required of an acceptable aggregate: it must be clean, sound, homogeneous, and of a size gradation resulting in a concrete of the desired physical
Determination of Coke Over Productivity from Coal Charge Characteristics
In considering the use of a coal or a coal blend for the production of metallurgical coke, the fact is often overlooked that laboratory data can be most effectively used to determine coke plant operating conditions conducive to maximum output as well as to predict the quality of coke produced. The basic property of any coking blend which must first
Manganese Removal Case Study
Table of ContentsExisting Methods of RemovalThe SolutionTest Protocol/Results The Problem Relatively low manganese levels in water can result in tainting of taste as well as discoloration of the water and the surfaces it comes into contact with. The Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) in the United Kingdom have set a maximum allowable limit of 50ppb, well below the WHO guidelines of