Blogs
See-saw Crusher
The See-Saw Crusher is made of a very heavy stone or steel ‘see-saw’ crushers are rolled over the material which is to be crushed with the aid of a lever arm. The material is placed on a flat stone or steel surface and the product is similar to that from a roller crusher.
Ball Casting Machine
This machine is designed especially to make cast steel balls, utilizing the newly patented Payne hot top principle. This machine will produce solid cast alloy steel balls equal in quality to the best forged steel balls, at a very low cost. The Ball Casting Machine consists essentially of a rotary turntable and thirty-six copper ball molds, the inner half of
Arrastra
The Arrastra was also one of the earliest crushing machines in use in America, being introduced at the same time as the Patio process—i.e., about 1557—and is still in wide use in Mexico, although chiefly in the treatment of silver ores by the Patio process. It is a circular, shallow, flat-bottomed pit, 10 to 20 feet in diameter, and paved with
Gold Amalgamation Equipment
Table of ContentsAMALGAM PRESSAMALGAM SEPARATORAMALGAMATION BARRELWheeler Type AMALGAMATION CLEAN-UP PANAMALGAMATION DRUMAMALGAMATION PLATEAMALGAMATION UNIT AMALGAM PRESS The Amalgam Press is used wherever the process of amalgamation is practiced. The amalgam is wrapped in a wet chamois skin and inserted in the press, which extrudes the surplus amalgam. The press consists of a steel cylinder, slotted on the sides and perforated on the
Water Balance Management
Save Time and Login using email: flotation@flotation.com and password: flotation Save Time and Login using email: flotation@flotation.com and password: flotation
Heap Leaching
Table of ContentsHeap Leaching Copper OresIngress of Solutions into OresSurface TensionSolubility of Gas in VoidsTemperatureVarious SolutionsManner of PenetrationDissolution of Various Copper MineralsLeaching Oxidized MineralsCuprite LeachingLeaching ChalcociteBornite LeachingCovellite LeachingChalcopyrite LeachingRemoval of Soluble Copper from Leached OresConclusionsHEAP LEACHING COURSEHeap Leach Pad DesignAlgorithm for Grading OptimizationMethod: Heap leaching of gold and silver ores is conducted at approximately 120 mines worldwide. Heap leaching is one of several alternative
Pachuca Tank
Table of ContentsLaboratory Pachucas TanksPachuca Agitator Pachuca tanks are used for a wide variety of leaching and mixing operations in the minerals industry. Previously, an equation was derived to predict the circulation in a Pachuca tank with full height draft tube risers. This analysis was subsequently verified with data from a large bore air-water flow loop used. However, the equation was based on the assumption that the solids settling velocity
Laboratory Flotation Cells
Table of ContentsMini Laboratory Flotation CellLaboratory Flotation MachineFlash Laboratory Flotation CellLaboratory Flotation MachinesLaboratory Flotation Bank The 500, 1000, and 2000 gram Laboratory Flotation Cells have been proved by mining, chemical and government laboratories and schools all over the world, to produce reliable results which can be duplicated in actual milling installations because they incorporate all of the basic principles of the commercial size machines. The 50-gram unit is
Diesel Engines
Table of ContentsDiesel EnginesAdvantages and Disadvantages of 2 and 4 Cycle EnginesAdvantagesDisadvantagesSpeedHorsepowerCombustion SystemsDiesel Electric SetsCycles of OperationElectrical DataAllowable Carrying Capacities of Copper WireElectrical ConductorsSize of Conduits for the Installation of Wires and Cables The information below is provided as representative of medium HP Diesel engines of four, six, and eight cylinders. Many other sizes and types are available and variations on four,
Determining Power Factor
Table of ContentsPower Factor Meter MethodVoltmeter, Ammeter, Wattmeter MethodTwo Single-Phase Watthour Meters MethodThree-Phase Wattmeter MethodWatthour Meter, Split-Core Ammeter MethodWatthour Meter, Reactive KVA- Hour Meter MethodPower Factor of Typical A-C LoadsUNITY (or near Unity) POWER FACTORIncandescent Lamps and Resistor Heaters operate at UNITY POWER FACTORLAGGING POWER FACTORInduction Motors operate at LAGGING POWER FACTORLEADING POWER FACTORSynchronous Motors operate at LEADING POWER FACTORDefinitions of Electrical Terms Where power is purchased,
Screening 101
Table of ContentsClosed Circuit ScreeningCalculate Screen EfficiencyScreen Panel SelectionVibrating Screen CapacityScreening Equipment Selection Screening is the passing of material through definite and uniform apertures is the only true and accurate means of grading to a required particle size. Air separation and hydraulic classification depend upon gravity and particle shape, and result in the segregation and retention of material of higher
Mineral Processing Pilot Plant Equipment
Table of ContentsTypes of Pilot Plant InstallationsSelection and Arrangement of Pilot Plant EquipmentPilot Plant Crushing and Sampling EquipmentManually Operated EquipmentMechanically Operated EquipmentPilot Plant Grinding CircuitElevation of Grinding SectionClosed Circuit PilotingPilot Ball Mill CapacityOre FeedersControlling the Rate of FeedRecovery of Minerals in the Grinding CircuitPilot Mineral JigPilot Flash Flotation CellMineral Jig and Flash Flotation CellPilot Flotation CircuitFlotation ConditionersFlotation MachinesReagent FeedersPilot Plant ThickenersPilot Test FiltersGravity Concentration Pilot CircuitMineral JigWilfley Concentrating
Metallurgical Laboratory Equipment & Test Methods
Table of ContentsWhy Laboratory Metallurgical TestingOre Sample PreparationLaboratory Batch TestingMetallurgical Pilot PlantMetallurgical Laboratory Testing MethodsPreliminary Process Scoping TestsBatch Laboratory Testing The Mineral Industries have for many years recognized the importance of small-scale ore dressing tests for determining the amenability of ores to various methods of concentration. The successful development of the flotation process, which was accomplished with the aid of small-scale
Sink and Float Separation Process
Table of ContentsSink and Float PROCESS History and DevelopmentQUIESCENT SEPARATIONSIZE OF ORE FEEDING A SINK & FLOAT SEPARATORSink and Float Process DESCRIPTIONOPERATING CIRCUITSCOMMERCIAL Sink and Float PLANTSOperating Cost of Sink & Float PlantsWhen is a Sink & Float Process Applicable or AppropriateSINK FLOAT TEST PROCEDURE The Sink and Float Separation Process is an alternative to the progressive depletion, during the last
Gold Leaching
Table of ContentsGold Leaching Process Circuit NO. CY-1Gold Leaching Process Circuit NO. CY-2Gold Leaching Process Circuit NO. CY-3Gold Leaching Process Circuit NO. CY-4 Gold Leaching Process Circuit NO. CY-1 This leach plant shows the continuous counter-current decantation system, in which all the ore is first reduced to a very fine state in the grinding mill-classifier circuit, in a Gold Leaching solution. The
Gold Cyanidation Process
Table of ContentsGeneral Theory on Cyanidation of Gold Cyanide SolutionsDensity of Leach SolutionsEffect of Aeration on Cyanidation ProcessDecomposition Process of ReagentsEffect of pH in CyanidationCyanidation during Grinding ProcessClassificationCyanide Concentration in Grinding CircuitThickeningEffect of Agitation in CyanidationClarificationProcess of Gold Precipitation by ZincScreen Analysis — MicronsFlotation and Cyanidation versus Whole Ore CyanidationBatch Cyanidation of GoldCyanidation—Sand LeachingContinuous Counter-Current DecantationPrecipitation by Charcoal/CarbonTreatment of Graphitic Gold OresGold Cyanidation TestWork The
Flotation Reagents
Table of ContentsTypes of Flotation ReagentsFlotation FrothersWhat is the Function of FrothersCommon Types of FrothersHow much Frother to UseCharacteristics of FrothersFlotation Collectors & PromotersWhat is Function of a Float Promoter/CollectorCommon Types of Flotation Promoters/CollectorsHow much Flotation Collector/Promoter to UseWhat are the Characteristics of a CollectorFlotation DepressantsWhat is a Flotation Depressant used forCommon Type of Flotation DepressantsHow much Flotation Depressants is neededFlotation ActivatorsWhat are Flotation Activators
Flotation Circuit Process Control
Table of ContentsRoutine Control in a Modern Flotation PlantMill Feed to FlotationGrinding Circuit ControlsFlotation Circuit ControlsFlotation ReagentsPoints of ControlMethods Used in Determining Densities, Alkalinities, Etc.Density CalculationsFlotation pH Control & Alkalinity TitrationTO MAKE A STANDARD SOLUTION OF SULPHURIC ACIDpH DeterminationsFlotation Reagent Mixing and MeasuringTonnage & Flowrate MeasurementsLaboratory Flotation Testing & Research Our subject is “CLASSIC or Not so Advanced but yet Fundamental Flotation Circuit Process
Size by Size Particle Size Distribution Profile & Flotation Recovery Results
The unseen factors in flotation are those which affect the economic recovery and are not shown by the assays or analyses. The fact that equal tailings and equal grade of concentrates can be produced with widely varying physical properties of the products recovered and rejected is unrecognised in most cases. In the past, when studying the merits of various flowsheets,
Froth Flotation Machines
Table of ContentsSTANDARD FROTH FLOTATIONAERATIONSUPPRESSED FROTH FLOTATIONSUPERCHARGED FROTH FLOTATIONBetter Flotation MetallurgyMineral Floatability and CapacitiesReduction of Flotation Reagent ConsumptionLower Flotation Cell HorsepowerImprove Cell Operating ConditionsHigher Flotation Selectivity There are certain variable factors which affect the Fundamental efficiency of a Flotation Machine. These factors, having different degrees of importance, are as follows: Type of Froth Flotation Machine Mesh analysis of the pulp Density of the
Froth Flotation Principles
Table of ContentsFlotation of Free Metal OresNative Copper FlotationNative Gold and Native Silver FlotationFroth Flotation Method for Sulphide OresCopper FloatationLead FlotationZinc FlotationNickel FlotationMolybdenum FlotationMercury FlotationAntimony FlotationPyrite and Pyrrhotite FlotationArsenic FlotationTin FlotationCobalt FlotationPrecious Metal FlotationOxide FlotationOxide Copper FlotationFlotation of Industrial MineralsFluorspar FlotationTalc FlotationPhosphate FlotationManganese FlotationMica FlotationTungsten FlotationCoal FlotationFeldspar Flotation Clay Flotation Silica Sand (Quartz) FlotationCryolite Flotation Graphite Flotation Bauxite FlotationMagnesite FlotationIron Ore FlotationTitanium FlotationBarite Flotation Spodumene FlotationSulphur FlotationNepheline Syenite FlotationSalt FlotationPotash FlotationCement, Limestone and FlotationMiscellaneous Non-Metallics FlotationIndustrial FlotationRubber FlotationBituminous Sands FlotationGrains FlotationeScrap Recycling by FlotationIndustrial
Venturi Cavitation Tube
Three types of convergent sections exist in classical Venturi tubes, i.e., machined, roughcast and rough-welded. Each type specifies a set of ranges for the entrance diameter (D), the diameter (Beta) ratio (β=d/D) and the Reynolds Number (ReD). The Venturi design in this study was specified to have a smooth (machined) internal surface in the convergent section, which is especially important for calculating the discharge coefficient
Marangoni Effect
Gibbs surface elasticity, which is commonly referred to as the Marangoni effect, is the surface tension gradient along the air-liquid interface that acts to preserve the film thickness and to prevent bubble coalescence as shown here.