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How to Prepare a Sample for Assaying
Assaying has for its object the determination of the quantities of those constituents of a material which add to or detract from its value in the arts and manufactures. The methods of assaying are mainly those of analytical chemistry, and are limited by various practical considerations to the determination of the constituent of a small parcel, which is frequently only
Copper & Lead Slag Analysis
For technical purposes it is rarely necessary to determine all the constituents present in a slag. The lead or copper smelter wishes to know the lead or copper contents of his slags; also their silver and gold contents (if any), and, as a rule, the silica, ferrous oxide, and lime present. Certain other constituents, such as sulphur, potassium, sodium, barium,
Iron & Steel Composition
Table of ContentsCARBON TotalESTIMATION OF SULPHUR IN IRON & STEELESTIMATION OF SILICONESTIMATION OF PHOSPHORUSAnalysis Such matter is presented in this chapter as will give the student some insight into the methods of analysis used in the technical examination of iron and steel. The nature of this work prevents a detailed treatment of the subject—a treatment which may demand an estimation
Wet Gravimetric Assay Methods
Table of ContentsSolutionPrecipitationFiltrationDrying and Igniting In dry assays the metal is almost always separated and weighed as metal; in wet gravimetric assays the metal is more usually weighed in the form of a definite compound of known composition. The general methods of working resemble those of ordinary chemical analysis, and their successful working is greatly helped by a knowledge of,
Dry Gravimetric Methods of Assaying
The methods of assaying are best classed under two heads, Gravimetric and Volumetric, in the former of which the final results are weighed, whilst in the latter they are measured. A commoner and older division is expressed in the terms much used in practice —wet assays and dry assays. Wet assays include all those in which solvents, &c. (liquid at
List Assaying Reagents
Acetic Acid, HAc or C2H4O2. (sp. gr. 1.044, containing 33 per cent, real acid).—An organic acid, forming a class of salts, acetates, which are for the most part soluble in water, and which, on ignition, leave the oxide or carbonate of the metal. It is almost always used in those cases where mineral acids are objectionable. To convert, for example,
Sample Weighing & Measuring for Assaying
Weighing.—The system of weights and measures which we have adopted is the French or metric system; in this the gram (15-43 grains) is the unit of weight; the only other weight frequently referred to is the milligram, which is 0.001, or 1/1000 gram. The unit of volume is the cubic centimetre, which is approximately the volume of 1 gram of
Silver Assaying Methods
Table of ContentsDry AssayScorification AssayPOT ASSAYSAssaying Ores containing Metallic OxidesAssaying Ores containing much SulphidesDetermination of Silver in Assay LeadDetermination of Silver in Red Lead or LithargeDetermination of Silver in Argentiferous LeadDetermination of Silver in BullionDetermination of Silver in CopperDetermination of Silver in GalenaDetermination of Silver in an OreDetermination of Silver in Silver PrecipitateWET METHODSGRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATIONDetermination of Silver in Burnt OresDetermination of
How to Measure Specific Gravity
The relation of the weight of a substance to its volume should be kept in mind in all cases where both weight and volume are dealt with. Students are apt to imagine that on mixing equal volumes of, say, sulphuric acid and water, an acid of half the strength must be obtained. If the statement of strength is in parts
Assaying Mercury Determination Method
Table of ContentsDRY METHODWET METHODSGRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATIONVOLUMETRIC METHODS Mercury occurs native and, occasionally, alloyed with gold or silver in natural amalgams; but its chief ore is the sulphide, cinnabar. It is comparatively rare, being mined for only in a few districts. It is chiefly used in the extraction of gold and silver from their ores (amalgamation); for silvering mirrors, &c. Mercury
Gold Content Determination Methods
Table of ContentsAMALGAMATION ASSAYDRY ASSAYSize of Assay ChargesSamplingAssay TonsEstimation of Small Quantities of GoldConcentration of the fine Metal in LeadOres containing Oxides of IronOres containing Sulphides Gold occurs in nature chiefly as metal. It always contains more or less silver, and, in alluvial sands, may be associated with platinum and iridium. Gold is insoluble in hydrochloric or nitric acid, but is
Assaying Copper Determination Method
Table of ContentsDRY ASSAYFusion for RegulusCalcining the RegulusFusion for Coarse CopperRefining the Coarse CopperCleaning the SlagsDetermination of Copper in Copper PyritesEstimation of MoistureWET METHODSVOLUMETRIC PROCESSESCopper CYANIDE Assay METHODEffect of Varying TemperatureEffect of Varying BulkEffect of Varying AmmoniaEffect of Varying AcidEffect of Varying Ammonic SaltsEffect of Foreign SaltsEffect of Varying CopperDetermination of Copper in Copper PyritesDetermination without Previous SeparationIODIDE METHODEffect of
Rock Abrasion & Crushers
Table of ContentsSTEEL & ROCK WHICH INFLUENCE WEARMECHANISM OF ABRASIONANALYSIS OF EXISTING DATA RELATING TO ROAD-MAKING STONESEXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ABRASIVE ROCKSCORRELATION OF STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIESTHE IMPACT TEST This section of the Paper deals with the abrasive character of rocks affecting crushing machinery. The investigation has followed two courses, firstly, an analysis of the existing data relating to the testing
Crushers
Table of ContentsDOUBLE-TOGGLE JAW CRUSHERTHE SINGLE-TOGGLE JAW CRUSHERSLONG-SHAFT GYRATORY CRUSHERSSHORT-SHAFT GYRATORY CRUSHERSGEAR-DRIVEN CRUSHING ROLLSBELT-DRIVEN CRUSHING ROLLSDISK CRUSHERSSINGLE-ROLL BREAKERSSWING-HAMMER CRUSHERSSPECIAL GYRATORY MACHINES FOR SECONDARY CRUSHINGALLOY & STEELS USED IN MAKING CRUSHERS It is difficult to define exactly the meaning of the terms crushing and grinding, or crushing and pulverization; the finer crushing stages may embody a certain amount of pulverizing or grinding,
Assaying Tin Ore
Table of ContentsVANNINGCornish MethodCyanide MethodDetectionSeparationGRAVIMETRIC METHODDetermination of Tin in an AlloyDetermination of Tin in Tin OreVOLUMETRIC METHODTitration with Solution of Permanganate of PotassiumEffect of Varying Hydrochloric AcidEffect of Varying TemperatureRate of Atmospheric OxidationEffect of Varying TinEffect of Varying BulkEffect of Varying TinEffect of Varying BulkExamination of Tin PhosphideTin ArsenideExamination of Black TinTin and CopperIronCobaltArsenicSulphurExamination of Tin SlagsDetermination of TinSilica Tin
Assaying Nickel Determination Methods
Table of ContentsDRY ASSAYWET METHODSSolution and SeparationSeparation of Nickel and CobaltGRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATIONVOLUMETRIC DETERMINATIONTitrationEffect of varying excess of Cyanide SolutionEffect of varying the quantity of SodaEffect of varying the NickelEffect of ZincEffect of other Metals on Nickel AssaysDetermination of Nickel in Nickel Sulphate CrystalsDetermination of Nickel in German Silver Nickel and cobalt are closely related in their chemical properties, and may
Assaying for Iron Determination Methods
Table of ContentsSeparating iron from other substancesGRAVIMETRIC METHODVOLUMETRIC METHODSPERMANGANATE & BICHROMATE METHODSSolutionRate of Oxidation by Exposure to AirEffect of Varying TemperatureEffect of Varying BulkEffect of Free Sulphuric AcidEffect of Foreign SaltsEffect of Varying Amounts of IronTitrations in Hydrochloric SolutionsRate of Atmospheric OxidationEffect of Varying TemperatureEffect of Varying BulkEffect of Free Hydrochloric AcidEffect of Varying Amounts of IronDetermination of Iron in
Procedure & Method for Activated Carbon Testing Program
OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of Westates Metasorb 321G (6×12) virgin activated carbon as compared to medium activity carbon from alternate vendors. PROJECT SCOPE: The following variables will be evaluated: Apparent density. Initial moisture content. Fine carbon losses following pre-soak. Particle size distribution of pre/post attrited carbon. Attritioning rates and losses with/without silica media. 24 hour adsorption rate and activity. Optimum economics in conjunction
Meehanite Metal
Meehanite is the copyrighted trade name for a uniform, closely controlled iron cast to rigid physical properties. The Mine and Smelter Supply Company pioneered the use of Meehanite as applied to grinding mill construction. Because of the uniformity of properties and assurance of manufacture according to engineering specifications, Meehanite metal has been selected for use in the construction of ball
Ball Mill Gear
Two general classifications of gearing are used for ball Mill drives. These are the spur gear and the helical gear. Helical gearing may be either of the single helical or double helical (Herringbone) design. SPUR GEARS These are generally furnished on the smaller diameter mills using V-belt drives or reducer drives. Spur gears and pinions are cut with teeth of
Ball Mill Drives
Table of ContentsV-BELT Ball Mill DRIVEDIRECT CONNECTED Ball Mill DRIVEBall Mill SPEED REDUCER DRIVE Several types of ball mill drives can be furnished, made up of various combinations of gearing, motors and transmission equipment. The correct combination to be selected takes into consideration power requirements, gear ratings, floor space, interference from other plant equipment and motor characteristics. The main types
Ball Mill Feeders
Table of ContentsSCOOP FEEDERSSPOUT FEEDERSDRUM FEEDERSCOMBINATION FEEDERS Each application dictates the selection of proper feeding arrangement. This depends upon whether the grinding will be open circuit or closed circuit, and dry grinding or wet grinding. The size of feed and tonnage rates are also important factors. Speed of scoop lip is important. Listed below for your convenience is a table
How to Separate Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metals Scraps
Table of ContentsProcess & Method for Recycling/Recovering Metals from ScrapCrushing Scrap MetalGrinding Scrap MetalScreening and ClassificationJigging heavy metalsTabling heavy ScrapWater Reclamation and Tailings DisposalSUMMARY Scrap metal, both ferrous and non-ferrous, present in industrial wastes, slags, smelter bi-products, sludges, refinery sweepings, ashes, etc., can be reclaimed in most instances at a profit and thus are made available for reuse in industry. Very substantial stockpiles of
Pebble Mill Grinding
Table of ContentsTube Mill CapacityPebble Mill CapacityPEBBLE MILL LINERSPEBBLE MILL GRINDING MEDIA Essentially tube mills and pebble mills may be considered as ball mills, the basic difference being that the ratio of length to diameter is greater. Usually the shell length is between 2 and 5 times the diameter. These mills are primarily used to grind various materials to 100 mesh