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Copper Refining: Explained Step-by-Step
Table of ContentsDescription of SamplesFractures of SamplesDetermination of Oxygen in SamplesMicroscopical Examination of Copper SamplesArea-Measurements In refining copper, the metal is melted down in a reverberatory furnace in a more or less oxidizing atmosphere and then further subjected to an oxidizing smelting in order to eliminate the common impurities, most of which have a stronger affinity for oxygen than has copper. In
Ore Sampling
This paper is intended partly as a summary of the conclusions that have been arrived at by various authorities on this matter, and also with a view to initiate some discussion on the subject, especially as most of the quartz gold mines in Victoria are operated without having any proper assay plans or any idea of the real values other
DIY Portable Fire Assay Furnace
In the early stages of opening up a mine, when there is some uncertainty as to its future career, necessitating caution in laying out works of a permanent character, the want is often felt of an assay furnace, easily built and easy, of transportation, should the “ mine ’’ prove to be “ no mine.” Again, cases occur in which
Free Milling Gold Laboratory Testing
Friends often ask how accurate the work of our little stamp-mill is, or express the opinion that a little mill cannot do good work. As a reply we would like to place on record the results of a few tests. There are two periods of work in our laboratory; the fall term, when the class collectively goes through all our
Control Corrosion in Copper Recovery Operations: SX-EW Plants
Table of ContentsCorrosion resistance of stainless steelsPicking the right stainless steelSpecific uses of stainless in copper recoveryStrength and hardness factorsSulfuric Acid Resistant Alloys Stainless Steel Offers Many Advantages for containing strongly acidic leaching reactions in copper recovery operations. Hydrometallurgical techniques for copper extraction have been known probably since 1752, but the dissolution of copper by leaching and the recovery from
Lead Refining by Electrolysis
A solution of lead-fluosilicate, containing an excess of fluosilicic acid, has been found to work very satisfactorily as an electrolyte for refining lead. It conducts the current well, is easily handled and stored, non-volatile and stable under electrolysis, may be made to contain a considerable amount of dissolved lead, and is easily prepared from inexpensive materials. It possesses, however, in
Electric Rock Drill
Table of ContentsElectric Rock Drill MiningConstruction & Operation Comparison With Other Electric Rock DrillPractical Results Electric power in mining-operations is now successfully applied to haulage, hoisting, lighting and pumping; and until lately, drilling was the one department of mining in which an electric source of energy had not been introduced. Drilling by electric power has been the field for much investigation and
Silver Lead Ore Processing by Roll Crushing & Jigging
The following brief paper is intended, to apply to the concentration of the silver-lead ores at Broken Hill, New South Wales, generally, but more particularly to the process as applied to the ores in the Block 10 mine. The attached plans are similar in many respects to those prepared recently for the Block 10 Company. Most of the information here
Shellsol AB
Table of ContentsPhysical PropertiesApplications for Shellsol ABTest MethodsPrecautionsSupplyNapoleum 470N.C.C.M – Specific Gravities for Impeller Head CalculationsNCCM Liquid Ion Exchange Plant Solution Conductivities Shellsol AB is a high boiling, high aromatic solvent derived from petroleum. It has good colour, low odour, a narrow distillation range and high flash point. It is complementary to Shellsol A, being very similar in many characteristics, but
Centrifugal Elevator: Gold Dredge Tailings Transportation
The centrifugal elevator invented and patented by the writer is designed for the purpose of conveying the tailings of a gold dredge to such a distance that they shall not impede the dredging operations. Formerly this was usually accomplished by means of a belt of buckets travelling round a ladder set at an angle of about 30 degrees to the
Assaying Zinc Box Residues in Cyanide Leach Process
Table of ContentsScorification-AssaysScorification AssayConfirmatory Wet AssaysCrucible AssaysConfirmatory Wet Assay Several methods, both wet and dry, for the assay of zinc-box residues from the cyanide process, have been described in recent years, and each of them has been claimed to be superior to all others. A paper, entitled “Assay of Zinc Precipitates,” was published in the School of Mines Quarterly to
LIX 64N
Table of ContentsChemical ReactionsChemical and Physical PropertiesSolubilitySpecificationsAvailabilityToxicityIntroductionTypical AnalysisSuggested UsesChemical ReactionsAvailabilityToxicitySuggested uses for Aliquat 336Aliquat 336Physical and Chemical PropertiesAppearanceAvailabilityChemical Products Price List LIX 64N Reagent is a water insoluble mixture of substituted oximes, which form water insoluble complexes with metallic cations, principally copper. Chemical Reactions LIX 64N Reagent is a hydrogen ion donor, and its chemical reactions when used as a copper
How to Remove Arsenic, Antimony & Bismuth from Copper
Table of ContentsRoasting of Copper-OresSmelting Calcined OresCalcining Coarse MetalSmelting Calcined Coarse MetalRoasting White Metal to Blister-CopperRefining Blister-CopperBessemerizing Copper RegulusPyritic SmeltingElimination by Wet Processes of ExtractionAtmospheric Oxidation Without BurningBurning and Subsequent Washing of Cupreous Iron PyritesExtraction of Copper from Burnt Cupreous Pyrites The ores of copper are usually associated with minerals containing arsenic, antimony and bismuth. Whatever the means adopted for
Titanium Metallurgy
The metallurgy of ores of titanium, titaniferous iron-ores (that is, iron-ores containing a notable amount of titanic acid, TiO2, say not less than 5 per cent., generally 10 to 20 per cent., and frequently more, up to 40 per cent, or thereabout), occur all over the world in immense quantity, “ in mountain masses,” constituting in some localities, as in
Mine Stoping & Mine Timbering
Table of ContentsEarly-MiningSquare Set SystemLife of TimbersCost of TimberFiresLater SystemsUnderground Open Cut SystemSloping Stope SystemBlock SystemComparative RemarksConclusion of Underground StopingOpen ExcavationsIncline TramwaysHorsesFlying FoxCapacity of SkipsOre BodyDrive SetsStables UndergroundConclusionDiscussion As this district is so far distant from the other mining centres and its mode of approach so circuitous, I am afraid that many residents of other portions of the Commonwealth never
Stone Crushers
Table of ContentsMethods of Crushing Stone without a CrusherRagging and SpallingCornish RollsConstruction of the Blake Stone CrusherThe Lever-PatternThe Eccentric PatternThe Challenge PatternThe Monarch PatternThe Multiple-Jaw PatternMovable Dies for JawsCheek-PlatesThe Capacity of Blake Ore CrushersPosition and Feeding of Crushers Methods of Crushing Stone without a Crusher Up to the date of the invention of the Stone Crusher, stone for road-metal was broken
Precipitate Gold Mercury with Electricity
Table of ContentsPalatan-Clerici processRiecken ProcessMumford’s Electro CylinderCurrent Density The treatment of slimes has of late years been, the chief difficulty in connection with cyanide work, in which much time and money has been spent in endeavouring to find a practical solution of this problem. The processes at present in use are: Filter pressing, as practised in Western Australia. Decantation, as practised
SX Solvent Extraction Equipment – Process Function
Table of ContentsMixer SettlerMixer BoxIntroductory Slot and Picket FencesWeirsSurge TanksProcess SumpFlotation CellsPumpsCrud RemovalPlant ControlGeneralFlowsheet SelectionCountercurrent SystemCrossflow System (See Fig 3.2.2)Stepflow System (Fig. 3.2.4)Rapid Mathematical Method for the Prediction of Raffinate Copper ConcentrationDescription of Process Design ProcedureMass Balance Process Flowsheet, and Equipment DesignMass BalanceProcess FlowsheetsEquipment DesignMixer-BoxImpeller and Draught TubeDraught TubeMixer Impeller Drive UnitsNotesDesign of Top BaffleDesign CriteraPicket Fence DesignHead LossSettler DesignCritical Velocity
How to Calculate the Size of a Mine Hoisting System
Table of ContentsRopesDrumsTypes of Hoisting-EnginesCalculation of the Cylinders It is often necessary to calculate the size of a mine hoisting system required to raise a given quantity of material, either as a preliminary to the detail design of the machinery, or to decide whether machinery on hand or offered by a manufacturer is adapted to the work to be done.
Effect of Tellurium on Brass
The presence of small amounts of tellurium in certain kinds of copper, and its exceptionally deleterious influence in producing red-shortness of this metal, led the author to conduct a few experiments on the influence of tellurium on the properties of brass. While these experiments were not intended to be exhaustive, they demonstrate that, as far as the rolling of brass
Volatile Hydrocarbons
Table of ContentsPetroleumBitumenMarsh-Gas (CH4)The Relative Reducing Power of Minerals Petroleum The occurrence of petroleum in the Redington quicksilver-mine, New Idria, California, is reported by Luther Wagoner. He says: ‘‘ Mineral-oil occurs in considerable quantity, a barrel of forty gallons being collected in one drift. It was used for lubrication of the machinery.” Prof. Egleston, writing of the quicksilver-mines in
Deposition of Ores in Limestone
A study should be made of the structure of the ore-bearing limestones, with the special object of determining the causes that have made certain strata favorable for ore, while other beds in the same geological formation, having an almost identical chemical composition, and so situated that they are traversed by the same fissures, through which the mineral-depositing waters have been
Relative Reducing Power of Minerals
Calculation of the Theoretic Reducing Powers of Various Organic and Inorganic Mineral Substances usually Occurring in Association with Ore-Deposits, Based upon the Weight of Oxygen Consumed. The quantitative value, or amount of work accomplished in the formation of ore-deposits by the various reducing substances, is measured by the weight of oxygen with which they unite. This work of deoxidation may
Reducing Action of Carbon and Hydrocarbons
Table of ContentsOxygenation of PetroleumProtective action of Carbon and of HydrocarbonsContributory Action of Carbonic Acid GasThe Stability of Carbonic Acid and of WaterOccurrence of Carbon and the Carbon-CompoundsThe Occurrence of Carbon combined with HydrogenLigniteBituminous ShalesLimestones Containing Organic Matter Carbon has long been recognized as one of the most powerful reducing agents in the deposition of ores. Investigations, made by myself, of the zinc- and lead-deposits in