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Manganese Recycling
Manganese Recycling is essential to iron and steel production in the United States. Demand in metallurgical applications accounts for most of the manganese consumed in the United States, with ironmaking and steelmaking alone consuming 82 pct. The importance of manganese is related to the functions it performs. Manganese controls oxygen and sulfur impurities in steel, […]
Chromium Recycling
Chromium is an indispensable element in a variety of strategic and critical applications. It is used to produce steels, superalloys, refractory brick, and a variety of chemicals. There is no substitute for chromite ore in the production of chromium ferroalloys, chromium chemicals, or chromium refractories. There is no substitute for chromium in stainless and heat-resistant […]
Passive Acid Mine Drainage Water Treatment
Summary and Conclusions The treatment of contaminated coal mine drainage requires the precipitation of metal contaminants and the neutralization of acidity. In conventional treatment systems, distinctions between these two treatment objectives are blurred by additions of highly basic chemicals that simultaneously cause the rapid precipitation of metal contaminants and the neutralization of acidity. Passive treatment […]
Acid Mine Drainage Water Treatment
Removal of Contaminants by Passive Treatment Systems Chapter 2 described chemical and biological processes that decrease concentrations of mine water contaminants in aquatic environments. The successful utilization of these processes in a mine water treatment system depends, however, on their kinetics. Chemical treatment systems function by creating chemical environments where metal removal processes are very […]
Recover Scrap Electronic Gold
For several years, the Bureau of Mines has been actively involved in developing techniques for recovering and recycling metals and alloys from industrial scrap, including waste materials generated by the electronics industry. Among the latter materials is tin-lead solder that has become contaminated with gold and other impurities to a point where it no longer […]
Plug N Play Plants
Monometallic Flotation Plant Gravity Recovery & Au/Ag Leaching with CCD Merrill Crowe Plant & Refinery Gravity Recovery & Au/Ag Leaching – CIL Stripping & Refinery
Wood Crib Design & Mine Roof Support
Objective: To minimize support costs and to improve ground control by improving wood-crib design and utilisation through the development of engineering methods that will match the placement and performance of the wood cribs to the load conditions imposed by the mine environment. Background: While wood cribs are used extensively to stabilize mine openings, their utilization is often […]
Recovering Cadmium & Tellurium from Scrap
Two materials critical to the construction of several advanced photoelectric devices are cadmium and tellurium. CdTe is used in thin-film photovoltaic (PV) devices to absorb electromagnetic radiation (visible sunlight) and convert the energy into an electric current. The Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) estimates that demand for CdTe in these PV devices could reach 260 […]
How to Separate Heavy Rare Earth Elements
Potential increases in overall demand and purity requirements of rare-earth elements (REE) prompted the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) to investigate new technology for separating these elements. REE, as defined by the USBM, include a group of 17 elements composed of Sc, Y, and the lanthanides. Although exact numbers are not available because of proprietary […]