Underground Storage for Hydrocarbon Fluids
Several categories of storage are used depending on capacity. Operational storage, which is small in comparison with the market, facilitates handling surges of a few hours’ or a few days’ duration. Seasonal storage, usually larger, permits accumulation of product during seasons when demand is low, for delivery when demand is high. In producing areas, large […]
Ultrasonic Desliming
Ultrasonics can be used to deslime and upgrade ores, such as tungsten and tin, which slime excessively with high losses of value in the tailing and are difficult to deslime with conventional methods. Experimental work has been performed with a test-tube size ultrasonic classifier. Larger equip- ment and further testing would be necessary to ascertain […]
Gallium Purification
The acid leaching technique has been reported to produce gallium in which no impurities are detectable spectroscopically. Zone-refining, however, appears very effective in removing trace metallic impurities, but comparatively ineffective in removing the surface oxide film. The low melting point and relatively high thermal conductivity of gallium introduce some difficulty in maintaining frozen and molten […]
Hydrometallurgy of Uranium
During the radium boom in the early part of the twentieth century, the basic chemistry of uranium was fairly well defined. Uranium production has progressed from the status of a radium byproduct to a very important industry. With the ever increasing need for more efficient and cheaper methods of processing uranium ores, new techniques are […]
Titanium-Chromium Phase Diagram
In view of the recognition of the potentialities of titanium and its alloys as important structural materials there has arisen a need for a systematic investigation of various titanium binary diagrams. Of these, the Ti-Cr system was of particular interest because of the improved properties imparted to titanium by small chromium additions. Sponge titanium (99.7 […]
Blasting with Ammonium Nitrate
In giving this subject the “broad-brush” treatment, it will be necessary to generalize on the major points which at the same time will permit me to avoid, to a great extent, any involvement in the purely technical and theoretical aspects of blasting. The practice of theorizing before a new idea is tried has practically been […]
Automatic Weighing and Ratioing of Solids
Plants which process materials in the form of bulk solids have not been able to use control to as great an extent, primarily due to the lack of measuring equipment capable of providing the same types of continuous automatic control available with liquid flow meters. A conveyor belt idler is supported on a rigid carriage […]
Estimating Data for Open Pit Haulage Trucks
In 1955, before planning an accelerated stripping program, Chino Mines Div. began an engineering study to improve data for estimating truck haulage costs for any future haulage layout. The study aimed to develop: 1) significant unit costs, 2) a method of estimating travel time from which truck needs and future stripping rate could be determined, […]
Comparison of 2400 and 4160 V Distribution Systems
Concentrating plants, in common with other types of industrial plants, cannot operate without, electric power. The electric distribution system and utilization equipments therefore, must be carefully considered in all phases of plant design. Two important aspects of proper distribution and usage of electric power are the selection of voltage levels and the methods of system […]
Flotation Contact Angle
In the use of free bubbles with precise temperature control and continuous pH measurement, the contact angle apparatus differs from all previous equipment. Experimental procedures differ sharply from the captive bubble method of introducing the gaseous phase in the three-phase system. When freed from the tube and captured by a solid surface, a bubble more […]